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Partial Discharge Detection Test: Principle, Key Parameters, and Standards

2024-09-19

Partial discharge (PD) testing is critical in assessing the condition of electrical equipment, such as transformers, high-voltage cables, and switchgears. It helps identify insulation weaknesses, which can potentially lead to catastrophic failures. The partial discharge detection process relies on several principles, technologies, and sensors. Below, we will detail the basic principles of PD detection, the key selection parameters for PD testing equipment, and the standards that guide the testing process.

Method	Principle	Frequency Range	Advantages	Challenges/Interference
Transient Ground Voltage	Electromagnetic waves accumulate in the grounded metal parts near the discharge point, generating transient ground voltage signals.	3-100 MHz	Ideal for monitoring large numbers of devices in a power grid.	Interference from other equipment like lighting systems, semiconductor switch components, and discharge tubes.
Ultrasonic Wave	PD generates sound waves with a wide frequency spectrum. Below 20 kHz can be heard by human ear, while above 20 kHz requires ultrasonic sensors.	Tens of Hz to several MHz	Highly sensitive, detects PD even in challenging environments where other signals may be hard to detect.	Requires ultrasonic sensors for signals above 20 kHz.
Ultra-High Frequency (UHF)	Detects high-frequency electromagnetic waves generated during partial discharge events in power equipment.	300 MHz - 1.5 GHz	Highly sensitive, avoids corona interference, and is effective in live detection, defect identification.	Possible interference from nearby equipment producing signals below 300 MHz.
High-Frequency Current	Detects pulse currents generated by partial discharge, which propagate through the grounding system of the equipment.	High-frequency pulse currents	Non-invasive method; equipment does not need to be shut down, making it simple and reliable.	Requires high-frequency current sensors (HFCT) and may need careful signal processing.

Key Selection Parameters for PD Testing Equipment

Parameter	Description
Frequency Range	The frequency range must match the specific detection method (e.g., 3-100 MHz for transient ground voltage, 300 MHz-1.5 GHz for UHF).
Sensitivity	High sensitivity is necessary for detecting low-level partial discharge events and ensuring early detection.
Signal Processing	Advanced processing is needed to differentiate PD signals from interference.
Real-Time Monitoring	Ability to provide real-time monitoring and diagnostics of partial discharge events for proactive maintenance.
Non-Invasive Testing	Non-invasive methods like HFCT sensors allow for PD monitoring without shutting down the equipment, reducing downtime.
System Compatibility	The equipment should be compatible with various electrical systems such as transformers, cables, and switchgear.

Partial Discharge Testing Standards

Standard	Description
IEC 60270	Specifies test methods for partial discharge measurements in high-voltage equipment.
IEC 60480	Guidelines for partial discharge testing in SF6-insulated electrical equipment.
IEEE 1434	Guide for partial discharge testing of shielded power cable systems.

This table provides a comprehensive view of the basic principles, advantages, challenges, key selection parameters, and relevant standards for partial discharge detection methods.

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Partial Discharge Detection Test: Principle, Key Parameters, and Standards

Key Selection Parameters for PD Testing Equipment

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